This story claims that defenders of wildlife compensates 100%. They do not. Here is the southwest they compensated 2000 dollars for a registered horse worth 4 times more. They also have not paid out as promissed to ranchers and homeowners that have lost livestock. The press is being used to trot out this compensation to keep the donations rolling in. Beware of the groups you donate to.
‘It’s out of control’
By KIM BRIGGEMAN
Missoulian Thursday, October 11, 2007
HALL, Mont. — Their eyes have seen the glory of wolves.
Gayla Skaw tells of the day last winter when her husband Lee and a neighboring rancher were in the hills cutting wood.
Half a mile or more away, gray wolves from the Willow Creek pack were lying in snow in an open meadow. The men watched them through spotting scopes.
“Pretty soon they got up and kind of started running along,” Gayla said. “Lee said the sun was shining on them and the snow was blowing up and he said, ‘You know, they were beautiful. It’s hard to hate them.
” ‘But at the same time, you don’t want them out there in your cows.’ ”
Cultures, world views and even centuries are colliding in this ranching country now that the wolves have arrived.
They’re spinoffs of packs reintroduced in central Idaho a decade or more ago, and they’re in hot water.
Nine wolves from the burgeoning Sapphire pack west of Philipsburg and the Bearmouth pack southwest of Drummond were killed by federal agents in a two-week span in September.
The Bearmouth pack was eradicated, while the Sapphire pack was trimmed to 14, 11 of them adults, according to Liz Bradley, a wolf management specialist for Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks.
The Willow Creek pack is between the other two.
“They’ve denned on private property the last couple of years, and there have been a lot of concerns from those landowners,” Bradley said.
So far, there are no confirmed depredations, although one man feels certain the lone remnant of a fresh-killed yearling a leg he found in late summer was the work of the pack.
“We spend quite a bit of time out there trying to haze and harass those wolves away from the cattle and away from private property,” Bradley said.
Last year, those airplane hazings seemed to work. Neither of the closest cattle producers came up short when the cows came home in October.
“This year, they’re still bringing their cows in, so it remains to be seen,” said Bradley. “But we weren’t as successful at moving the wolves out of there. We moved them out temporarily, but they seem to keep coming back.”
“Liz has been good,” Gayla Skaw said. “She’s been trying to haze those wolves off our place and back and over the top, which we feel a little guilty about it because if she boots them over the top, then they’re down in someone else’s cows.”
The Skaws found out last summer the Willow Creek pack had established a den on their land.
Lee Skaw and daughter Jolene were bowhunting in the area just last week. They saw someone flying up and down the valley, attempting to shoo the wolves away.
“As soon as they flew off, the wolves started howling,” Skaw said.
He and Jolene scrambled down a mountain to get a look.
“We thought when we heard them there might have been three or four,” he said. “They started coming out of this little patch of timber across from us, and we’re counting them in the binoculars: There’s one, two, three. … We finally got up to eight.”
It was a spectacle for which many in western Montana and the rest of the world hunger. It was the prospect of just such sights that drove the federal government to reintroduce wolves in Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho in 1995 and 1996.
But it was disturbing to a man who depends on cattle.
“I told Jolene those last four were just like getting kicked in the gut every time one walked out,” Skaw said. “That’s just too many. They will get in trouble. I know they will.”
Ed Bangs has heard it all before, the for and against wolves.
“People are so worked up because of what they think wolves are, rather than what wolves really are,” said Bangs, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Helena-based wolf recovery coordinator. “In reality, they’re just another large predator. They don’t have any special powers. They’re not good or evil. They’re just animals.”
He knows many livestock producers would like to see what he called “the scorched-earth policy of 100 years ago, where the only thing that mattered was the livestock’s and the people’s immediate needs.”
Bangs’ own agency launched an extermination program in central and eastern Montana that eradicated wolves from the state by the 1930s.
Last month there were 394 wolves in 71 packs in Montana, according to a tentative midyear count by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. That’s up from firmer figures of 316 and 60 at the end of 2006, though the ranchers who’ve experienced wolves insist the official numbers are low.
Today, Bangs said, “the big question is, what makes a person’s life valuable or worthwhile? Because we’re wealthy enough that it goes beyond just food and shelter.
“It’s also having wild lands out there. That’s why western Montana is booming and economically is just doing amazingly well, because of public lands, wildlife, open space.”
Rex and Brad Radtke don’t fit neatly into the mode of scorched-earthers, or what Brad called the “shoot ‘em out and get rid of ‘em” set.
“We’re in a different age for something like that to happen,” he said. “But there’s the other end of that spectrum, to just save them all at everybody else’s cost. I hope that we can somehow find a little middle ground.”
Fourth-generation ranchers in the Flint Creek Valley, the Radtke brothers pastured 500 yearlings this summer on leased U.S. Forest Service land in the John Long Mountains.
The allotment is not far from home as the crow flies, but it’s a rough and roundabout pickup drive, or a somewhat more direct horseback ride, to get there. The Radtkes typically make it at least once a week in the summer to check the herd.
On one such trip in August, Rex noticed slashes on the undersides of first one heifer, then another. When he’d taken full stock, five yearlings had similar injuries, none of a nature he’d seen before.
“I guess I was trying to think of anything else but wolf, because we hadn’t had any problems,” Radtke said.
An investigation by a USDA Wildlife Services agent proved otherwise. All five cattle survived, though two weren’t healed enough to ship to auction in September.
Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks takes an incremental approach to wolf control in the area, first attempting to haze wolves from potential problem areas.
After the maulings of the Radtke cattle, Wildlife Services, the federal enforcement arm of the wolf management program, was called in to eliminate a male wolf from the Bearmouth pack in late August.
A few weeks later, three calves from another rancher’s herd were killed by wolves.
“A classic case where we’ve seen the pack key into livestock as a primary food source,” said Bradley, adding that late summer is often a time of wolf depredations as adults scramble to feed their fast-growing pups.
Five wolves in the Bearmouth pack were shot by Wildlife Services, for what were classified as habitual depredations. Bradley said it eliminated the pack.
When wolves were reintroduced to the fringes of Montana in the mid-1990s by the federal government, they belonged to an “experimental nonessential population” under Section 10(j) of the Endangered Species Act.
Wolf control in Montana was turned over to the state Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks in 2005, but the 10(j) rule remains in effect in the area of western Montana that extends between Yellowstone National Park and Missoula.
Wolves there are still protected as an endangered species, but there are some control mechanisms. Landowners can legally shoot wolves that are actively chasing and harassing livestock on private ground or on their federal grazing allotments.
Such kills tend to be shrouded in secrecy. They are investigated not by state game wardens but federal law enforcers, and the investigations can be jeopardized by publicity.
“We don’t talk about them until everything’s been cleared,” Bradley said.
That could explain why, while state-announced killings that eradicated the Bearmouth pack totaled six, stockmen involved said the pack had nine or more wolves.
Area ranchers fear that livestock deaths are only part of the problem wolves will trigger.
At least they can be compensated for those: Defenders of Wildlife reimburses 100 percent of the market value of verified livestock losses to wolves, and 50 percent for “probable” losses.
Ranchers cite weight loss and stress on their cattle and uneven management of pastureland among their other concerns.
“It costs us money in so many ways you can hardly keep track of it,” Lee Skaw said.
He came across a mangled stretch of fence on his land last week.
“They blew out 10 or 12 posts and strung wire out for a quarter of a mile. A big herd of elk went through in a hurry,” Skaw said. “I’ve never seen anything like it before this early in the fall. If that wasn’t wolf-related, I’ll really miss my guess.”
Dan Hauptman said the breadth of the wolf problem is yet to be seen.
“Where you see the fence wiped out, a big old stretch of it, you wonder: Have the cows been getting the crap run out of them? How’s the (pregnancy) testing going to turn out? Do we lose a few pounds (on sale day)? We don’t know yet.”
If state and federal wildlife officials get their way, wolves will be removed from the endangered species list in early 2008. There are roughly 1,500 wolves in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, up from 1,300 last year.
“We’ve got more wolves in more places than we ever thought we’d have,” said Bangs. “Fish, Wildlife and Parks is doing an outstanding job of walking that thin line of having wolves around and minimizing problems.”
But, he added, “I’m a firm believer that (reintroduction) isn’t really a success until wolves are delisted.”
The Environmental Species Act “is a great tool to restore wolf populations,” Bangs said. “It’s what got us here. But the ESA sucks for routine wildlife management.”
Part of the state’s wolf program will almost certainly involve a hunting season.
“You try to be as proactive as you can: Get range riders, help with fencing, haze and harass. But it’s still a very reactive program,” said Carolyn Seim. “The next component is the incorporation of public hunting and public trapping.”
Seim, coordinator of Montana’s wolf management program for Fish, Wildlife and Parks, said a wolf season could be implemented as early as next fall. That’s barring a court-ordered injunction in lawsuits expected to stem from delisting.
Fish, Wildlife and Parks will be charged with maintaining a minimum of 15 breeding pairs of wolves. Some question its ability to do that, Seim acknowledged. Bangs is not one of them.
“The best thing that could ever happen is we turn it over to Fish, Wildlife and Parks,” he said.
Whoever’s officially in control of them, wolves will continue to live in these mountains.
“I don’t hate wolves,” Rex Radtke said. “Wolves are just doing what a wolf does. It’s policy that’s more of a culprit than wolves are.”
“What we’re seeing right now, it looks to me like it’s out of control,” Lee Skaw said. “When you see eight wolves on your place it makes you feel that way, even if it isn’t.”
“We’ve already spent how many dollars once to get rid of them,” added his wife. “Now they’re spending how much more to reintroduce them, and how much to manage them, when it’s something that we don’t need in the first place?
“Let them exist in the backcountry. Let them exist in parks. That’s fine. I don’t have a problem with that. But don’t try to make them coexist with domestic livestock. It isn’t going to work.”
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